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Dandruff
Dandruff is a common scalp condition causing flaking and sometimes itching. It is usually mild and harmless, linked to a yeast on the scalp and oily skin.
Causes & risk factors
- A yeast (Malassezia) on the scalp
- Oily skin and scalp
- Dry skin in cold weather
- Infrequent or irritating hair washing
- Stress
Common symptoms
- White or yellow flakes on the scalp and shoulders
- Itchy scalp
- Oily or scaly scalp
- Mild redness of the scalp
Tests & diagnosis
- Clinical scalp examination
Treatment & management
- Medicated anti-dandruff shampoos, as advised
- Regular but gentle hair washing
- Leaving shampoo on the scalp for a few minutes
- Managing stress
- Seeing a doctor if it does not improve
When to see a doctor urgently
- Dandruff not improving with anti-dandruff shampoo
- Severe redness, swelling or crusting of the scalp
- Intense itching affecting daily life
- Hair loss with the scalp problem
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about dandruff. It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Is dandruff caused by poor hygiene?
No. Dandruff is mainly due to a scalp yeast and skin oil, not lack of washing. However, regular gentle washing helps control flakes.
Is dandruff contagious?
No. Dandruff cannot spread from person to person. It is a common, harmless scalp condition.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.