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Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of unusual vaginal discharge. It happens when the natural balance of bacteria changes. It is not an STI, though it is linked to sexual activity.
Causes & risk factors
- A change in the natural balance of vaginal bacteria
- New or multiple sexual partners
- Douching or using scented washes
- Not fully understood — it is not passed on like an STI
- More common around periods or with an intrauterine device
Common symptoms
- Thin, greyish-white discharge
- A strong fishy smell, often worse after sex
- Often no itching or soreness
- Many women have no symptoms at all
Tests & diagnosis
- Examination and a vaginal swab
- Checking the vaginal pH
- Testing for STIs if symptoms overlap
Treatment & management
- A course of antibiotics (tablets or vaginal gel)
- Avoiding douching and scented products
- It can come back, and repeat treatment is sometimes needed
- Treatment is advised in pregnancy or before some procedures
When to see a doctor urgently
- A change in discharge, especially with a fishy smell
- Symptoms that return after treatment
- Any unusual discharge in pregnancy
Frequently asked questions
Is bacterial vaginosis an STI?
No. BV is caused by an imbalance in the bacteria naturally found in the vagina, not by an infection passed from a partner. It is, however, more common in people who are sexually active.
How is BV different from thrush?
Thrush usually causes itching and a thick white discharge, while BV causes a thin greyish discharge with a fishy smell. A swab can tell them apart, as treatment differs.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.