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Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism is a lifelong difference in how a child communicates, interacts and experiences the world. Early understanding and support help each child reach their potential.
Causes & risk factors
- Differences in brain development, present from early life
- Strong genetic component
- A mix of genetic and other factors still being understood
- Not caused by vaccines or by parenting — this is well established
Common symptoms
- Delayed speech or unusual communication
- Limited eye contact or social interaction
- Preference for routine; distress at change
- Repetitive movements or intense specific interests
- Sensitivity to sounds, lights or textures
- Playing differently from other children
Tests & diagnosis
- Developmental assessment by a specialist
- Speech and language evaluation
- Hearing test
- Multidisciplinary team assessment
Treatment & management
- Early intervention and structured learning support
- Speech and language therapy
- Occupational therapy for daily skills and sensory needs
- Support and training for parents and carers
- Adjustments at school tailored to the child
- Treat any accompanying issues (sleep, anxiety, epilepsy)
When to see a doctor urgently
- Not babbling, pointing or making eye contact as expected for age
- Loss of previously gained speech or social skills
- Not responding to their name or to others
- Any parental concern about development — ask for an assessment
Frequently asked questions
Do vaccines cause autism?
No. This has been thoroughly studied and disproven. Vaccines do not cause autism, and delaying them only leaves children at risk of serious preventable diseases.
Can early support really help?
Yes. Starting speech, occupational and behavioural support early, and adapting the environment to the child, can make a real difference to communication, learning and daily life.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.