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Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
Dementia is a gradual decline in memory, thinking and daily function; Alzheimer's disease is its most common cause. It is progressive and mainly affects older people.
Causes & risk factors
- Alzheimer's disease (build-up of abnormal brain proteins)
- Reduced blood flow to the brain (vascular dementia)
- Other types such as Lewy body and frontotemporal dementia
- Older age and family history
- Vascular risk factors like high blood pressure and diabetes
Common symptoms
- Memory loss, especially recent events
- Difficulty finding words
- Confusion about time or place
- Poor judgement and planning
- Mood or personality changes
- Struggling with familiar daily tasks
Tests & diagnosis
- Memory and cognitive assessment
- MRI brain
- CT scan
- Thyroid function
- Vitamin B12
Treatment & management
- Medicines that can ease symptoms or slow decline in some types
- Treating reversible contributors such as low B12 or thyroid problems
- Structured routines, memory aids and a safe home
- Support for carers and planning for the future
- Managing mood, sleep and behaviour changes
When to see a doctor urgently
- Memory or thinking problems affecting daily life
- A sudden or rapid decline in memory or confusion — seek urgent review
- Getting lost in familiar places or unsafe behaviour
- Depression, agitation or big personality changes
Frequently asked questions
Is memory loss always dementia?
No. Occasional forgetfulness is normal, and some memory problems come from stress, poor sleep, low B12, thyroid issues or depression, which are treatable. Persistent decline affecting daily life should be assessed.
Can dementia be cured?
Most types cannot be cured, but treatment can ease symptoms and support quality of life. Some contributing factors are reversible, so early assessment is worthwhile.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.