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Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the nose caused by an allergic reaction to things like pollen, dust or pet dander. It is very common and can affect sleep, work and asthma.
Causes & risk factors
- Pollen from grass, trees or weeds (seasonal)
- Dust mites (year-round)
- Pet dander and mould
- A tendency to allergies (atopy) that runs in families
- Air pollution can worsen symptoms
Common symptoms
- Sneezing
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itchy nose, eyes or throat
- Watery, red eyes
- Sinus pressure or headache
Tests & diagnosis
- Usually diagnosed from symptoms and history
- Skin prick allergy test
- Specific IgE blood test
- Nasal examination
Treatment & management
- Avoiding known triggers where possible
- Saline nasal rinses
- Antihistamines to ease sneezing and itching
- Steroid nasal sprays for blocked, inflamed noses
- Allergen immunotherapy for stubborn cases
When to see a doctor urgently
- Symptoms not controlled despite treatment
- Wheezing or breathlessness (asthma may be involved) — urgent if severe
- Facial pain and fever suggesting a sinus infection
- Symptoms badly affecting sleep or daily life
Not a diagnosis. MedDroid gives general educational information about allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It cannot examine you, diagnose or prescribe — always confirm with a qualified doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Is hay fever the same as a cold?
No. Hay fever is an allergic reaction with itching and sneezing that lasts as long as you are exposed, while a cold is a virus that clears in a week or so.
Can allergic rhinitis trigger asthma?
Yes. The two are linked, and treating the nose often helps asthma control. Tell your doctor if you also wheeze or get breathless.
Explore more
Sources & further reading
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Anbu, MBBS. MedDroid is an AI medical assistant and can make mistakes. It provides general health information, not a diagnosis or medical advice — always consult a qualified clinician. In an emergency, contact your local emergency number immediately.